LINUX é uma versão livre do UNIX que corre em máquinas Intel Pentium, Intel 80x86, Motorola/IBM PowerPC, Motorola 680x0, Sun SPARC, SGI MIPS, DEC Alpha, HP PA-RISC, DEC VAX, ARM, API 1000+, e CL-PS7110.
Tipo de SO: open source UNIX
“Linux is a free (GPL Licensed), from scratch operating system based heavily on the POSIX and UNIX APIs. It supports both 32 and 64 bit hardware and provides a stable multiuser internet ready operating system. Linux itself is not UNIX, although many people call it that and you would be very hard pushed to tell the difference. This is because the UNIX trademark has a cost and is specific to systems that meet a complex set of X/Open standards."
“Unix is a trademark that was transferred by Novell Unixware (the result of Novell’s purchase of AT&T Bell Lab’s Unix group) to the non-profit X/Open Company, Ltd, and is now apparently owned by ‘The Open Group’ (the result of a merger between X/Open and OSF). To get their permission to call a product ‘Unix’, The Open Group requires one to pass a number of validation suites that check conformance of APIs, commands and utilities, and the C compiler.” — Steve Byan
“The “holy war” of computing these days — Microsoft’s Windows NT Server vs. UNIX — is, strangely enough, being upstaged by a johnny-come-lately called Linux. And while UNIX-clone Linux’s emerging popularity gives small businesses another attractive alternative when plotting their network operating system (NOS) strategies, it also adds confusion to an already muddled issue.” — Jim Carr
Versão corrente: 2.0
Intel Pentium, 80486, 80386, 80286 (partial port), 8086 (partial port), IBM/Motorola PowerPC, Motorola 68060, 68040, 68030, 68020, 68000, Sun SPARC, Sun SPARC64 (Ultra), SGI MIPS, DEC Alpha, HP-PA RISC, ARM, API 1000+, CL-PS7110
Numero máximo de processadores:
Numero de bits: 32 ou 64 (dependendo do processador)
Kernel: LINUX
“The Linux kernel was originally written by Linus Torvalds (hence the name “Linux”), and it maintained by a team of developers. The kernel itself is released under the GPL (GNU Public License).” —Rich Steiner
Some versions of LINUX use the MACH kernel. These include: MkLinux (PowerPC), Intel MkLinux, and HP/PA MkLinux.
POSIX: compativel
Periféricos: “most PC hardware” —Kristian Elof Sørensen
Ficheiros de sistema suportáveis:
- preferred file system: ext2fs
- file systems can read/write/format: ext2fs , extfs , FAT
- file systems can read/write: FAT32 , VFAT , FFS , coda , NFS , Minix , Xenix , UMSDOS , xiaf , SMB
- file systems read only: NTFS , UFS , HPFS-2 , HPFS , sysvfs , adfs , ROMFS
- file systems read only and can write through optional software: ISO 9660 , Commodore 1541/1581
- file systems can read/write/format through third party or optional software: HFS
Motor de gráficos:
X Window
UNIX shells
“The properties of the command-line interface depend to some extend on the shell involved. Linux uses shells which tend to be close of (or derived from) Unix shells. Typical shells are bash, tcsh, and zsh.” —Rich Steiner
Operador de interface(gráfico):XWindows
“Linux uses the X windows system (usually) as a graphical interface, which gives it the capability to distribute displays over a network, and which allows for windowing on the desktop. The X window managers or environments each have their own names (like AfterStep, fvwm, twm, olvwm, Enlightenment, KDE, etc). The X server which is normally used in Linux is XFree86.” —Rich Steiner
Serviços de internet:
“Linux uses internet and industry standard components and protocols giving a system with complete network integration. The operating system can act as a server for most major file serving protocols, and provide all the major internet applications.”
Motor de gráficos:
X Window
http://www.webwatcher.org/ “Linux Web Watcher”
“Linux is normally obtained as a "distribution". This is a combination of the Linux operating system kernel and other tools, utilities, and applications. Some of these are available for free over the internet, and others on CD-ROM. Because Linux itself is free software that can be freely copied, many distributions are available both over the internet and sold on CD-ROM with added convenience and support.”
“Many of the distributions are based on a small number of other distributions. Slackware, Red Hat, and Debian distributions are all freely usable and extensible. As a result many vendors use these as a basis for value added items or put their own slant on the same work.”
Caldera OpenLinux http://www.caldera.com/; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 2.0
Craftworks Linux http://www.craftwork.com/; CD-ROM; Intel and Alpha; LINUX kernal 2.0
Debian Linux http://www.debian.org/; free web download; Intel only; LINUX kernal 2.0
“Debian Linux is almost unique now in that it has no specific commercial backer. Instead Debian is maintained by a team of volunteers in the same manner as the kernel and anyone can take the images and make Debian CDs freely.”
Delix DLD http://www.delix.de/; German edition; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 2.0
Infomagic Workgroup Server http://www.infomagic.com/; based on Red hat; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 1.2.13w25
LST http://www.lst.de/; German edition; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 2.0w25
Pacific HiTech http://www.pht.com/; Red hat and Slackware editions; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 2.0
Red Hat Software http://www.redhat.com/; CD-ROM and free web download; Intel, SPARC, and Alpha; LINUX kernal 2.0
S.u.S.E http://www.suse.com/; English and German; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 1.2.13 and 2.0
Unifix Linux 2.0 http://www.unifix.de/; POSIX-certified; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 2.0
Walnut Creek (“official Slackware” Linux) http://www.cdrom.com/titles/os/slack96.htm; CD-ROM and free web download; Intel only; LINUX kernal 1.2.13 and 2.0
Workgroup Solutions Linux Pro http://www.wgs.com/; CD-ROM; Intel
only; LINUX kernal 1.2.13
Yggdrasil Computing http://www.yggdrasil.com/; CD-ROM; Intel only; LINUX kernal 1.2.13
(Frequently Asked Questions)
http://www.sunsite.unc.edu/LDP
http://sunsite.unc.edu/mdw/FAQ/Linux-FAQ.html
